The Basics of Raising Chickens
Before deciding to bring home those cute, newly hatched chicks, take a look at the basics of raising chicks on the homestead.Â
Raising chickens is an enjoyable hobby with delicious fresh eggs as a reward. But do you know the needs of the day-old hatched chicks? Can you even have chickens in your neighborhood or on your property?
The Basics of Raising Chicks
Many people are jumping head first into raising their own chickens since the avian flu caused egg prices to skyrocket (2025). While I’m thrilled more people are connecting to their food source, I am also concerned that some new chicken owners are going to feel overwhelmed and defeated because they did not do the proper research and prep.
If you are one of these new chicken owners, take a few minutes to read through this short guide to raising chicks and then do some deeper research into each category. Let’s get you set up for success with your flock!

Check Local Regulations First
The first thing I recommend for anyone is to check with the local zoning office. Chickens are a common sight in many rural areas, but many neighborhoods are reluctant to allow backyard chickens. Before setting up your brooder, coop, and fencing, check with any agencies or neighborhood ordinances that would prohibit chickens.
Set Up The Brooder Box
Once you determine that you can legally keep chickens in your yard, it’s time to look into breeds and get the brooder ready for the new chicks. All chicks need to be kept warm for the first few weeks of life.

When raised without a broody hen, you have to provide the safe space and warmth, in your home or a secure building. During winter months, even a heat lamp might not provide enough heat for the chicks if they are in an unheated barn or coop. You may want to keep them in the house the first few weeks. Chilling is the leading cause of death in chicks, so keep them warm and safe.
Chick Brooder Enclosure
The first home the chicks come home to is called a brooder box. The box does not have to be anything fancy. In fact, many people use inexpensive plastic storage boxes. These storage boxes come in varying sizes and are sold in many stores. Do not use the lid unless you cut out a sizable area for appropriate airflow.
Whatever you use, make sure it provides at least a ½ square foot per chick. You will also need to be sure the sides are high enough to keep chicks from jumping out (once they are over a week old, they become escape artists) and be careful with the type of heat you use if your box is made of flammable material.
Chick Brooder Bedding
The bedding should be pine shavings. Newspaper can be slippery footing for little chicks and lead to a condition called splay legs. An alternate floor covering is a rubber shelf liner.

I also like to use wood pellets as bedding. These pellets are usually marketed as horse pellets, but they are made of compressed kiln-dried pine shavings that expand when wet. I have used these for the past 2 years in place of shavings and they have worked great.
Chick Brooder Heat Source
The brooder will also need a heat source. The most common item for warmth is a heat lamp hanging over the brooder. Raising and lowering the heat lamp will adjust the temperature in the brooder. If your chicks are huddled together, they are cold and need the lamp lowered.
Seeing the chicks hanging near the outer edges of the brooder means the heat is too high and you can raise the heat lamp higher to cool the brooder temperature.
I prefer to stay away from heat lamps due to the high risk of fire and the shatter hazard. Instead, I use a heat plate like this. There are several other heat lamp alternatives, but the heat plate is the most efficient, safe, and low-maintence option in my opinion.
It is best to keep the brooder temperature at 95° F for the first week and then decrease that by 5°F each week until the chicks move outside.
Prepare Feed, Water, and Supplies
Finish outfitting your brooder box with a feeder and water fount. These are commonly available where chicks are sold. You can even make your own feeders & waterers if you prefer a DIY option.
Now you need to choose a chick starter feed. This feed is formulated to provide the growing chicks with all the nutrients they need. Starter ration is a combination of grains in small particle size, easy for the small chicks to ingest.

Chicks will eat a starter ration until 16 to 20 weeks of age when they switch to a layer feed formula. After the first few days, if the chicks are eating well, you can supplement with small amounts of fresh or dried herbs, or scrambled eggs.
The treats and supplements should not interfere with the chicks eating enough of the chick starter. Make sure the chicks have feed and fresh clean water at all times
Choosing a Breed
After you have the brooder set up, you can bring your chicks home. There is one more question to answer. What breed are you going to choose?
Chicken Breeds for Eggs
If you are just needing birds for egg production, then egg layer breeds like the White Leghorn, Sussex, Rhode Island Red, and Barred Rock are good choices.
No matter what breed of egg-laying chicken you decide to raise, keep in mind that the lifespan of a chicken can reach ten years. Some people choose to keep the older hens as pets and let them live out their lives—eating bugs and enjoying life. Others may use the older, no longer laying hens as table birds. The important factor here is to have an end plan for your chickens.
Chicken Breeds for Meat
If you don’t need eggs, but you want to provide meat for your family, meat chicken breeds like Cornish Cross and Red Rangers or heritage meat birds should be on your short list.
Chicken Breeds for Eggs & Meat
If you are looking for a breed that will provide you with both eggs and meat, then you should choose a dual-purpose breed like Brahmas, Wyandottes, Delewares, and Orpingtons.
Can’t decide which breed of meat chickens to raise? Learn the pros and cons of Ranger Broilers vs. Cornish Cross breeds and discover heritage breeds that can be raised for meat!

Transitioning Chicks to the Big Coop
Finally, the day arrives and your chicks are big enough and feathered out enough (completely feathered normally around 8 weeks) to move to the big coop!
It’s a big step. Make sure you have secure latches on the coop door, shavings on the floor, straw for warmth, and a sturdy roost bar. Chickens don’t need food and water inside the coop when they go to roost at night. Food in the coop will often attract rodents, which you definitely do not want in the coop.
Continue feeding the chick starter feed until the pullets reach 16 to 20 weeks of age. At that age, they are very close or entering the egg-laying stage. The need for increased calcium has been reached, and it’s time to switch the chickens to a layer ration.
Raising chickens is a rewarding homestead project. There are daily, weekly, and monthly care chores that need to be attended to, and lots of fresh eggs to enjoy! Daily feed and water changes, quick spruce ups and cleaning, followed by a heavier clean up weekly or monthly, will comprise the chores. The coop needs to be dry and ventilated properly. The cleanup chores will keep it that way.

Less frequently, chores such as dusting, cleaning the droppings board, scrubbing the feeders and water founts, and replacing the shavings and straw, will take a little bit longer.
All said it’s not stressful raising chickens. You can expect to find some interesting personalities among your flock. It’s not a bad benefit that your backyard chickens will soon provide fresh eggs for your breakfast and baking.
More About Raising Chickens
Whether you’ll be free-ranging them or not, keep reading for more information about raising the healthiest and happiest backyard chickens on your homestead!
- All About Cardboard Bedding in the Chicken Coop
- 5 Reasons to Raise Pastured Livestock
- Why You Need a Rooster
- How to Keep Chickens Warm in the Winter
- How to Treat Common Chicken Illnesses
- 10 Ways to Help Chickens Beat the Heat
- Chicken Breeds for Colorful Eggs
- Cornish Cross vs. Freedom Ranger: Which Meat Chicken Breed Should You Choose?
- Heritage Meat Chicken Breeds
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Written by Janet Garman in 2017. Updated by Homesteaders of America in 2025.